作者：張樹(shù)志

過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相似，所不同的是：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作須以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn)的以前，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作須在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前完成，也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。

構(gòu)成 助動(dòng)詞had＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。had沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,疑問(wèn)句是把had提到句首，否定句是在had 后加not, had not可縮寫(xiě)為hadn't。

用法 （1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，并產(chǎn)生了某種影響或結(jié)果。句中常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有兩種：

The rain had stopped and the air was clean. 雨停了，空氣清新。

How many English words had you learnt by the end of last month? 到上月末，你已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少英語(yǔ)單詞？

We had reached the top of the mountain before midnight. 在半夜之前我們已經(jīng)登上了山頂。

The roads were full of people. We hadn't foreseen that. 路上都是人。這是我們事先未料到的。

The film had already been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已開(kāi)演半小時(shí)了。

Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家之前，媽媽已經(jīng)做好飯了。

注意：如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

After I had finished reading the novel, I went to sleep. 在我讀完了這部小說(shuō)之后，我才上床睡覺(jué)。

（2） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可以表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到過(guò)去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。往往與for, since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。如：

Mr Wang had taught in our school for six years before I came here. 在我來(lái)到這兒以前，王老師已經(jīng)在我們學(xué)校任教6年了。

We had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours. 這時(shí)我們已有２４小時(shí)沒(méi)有合眼了。

She had nursed her father in that room since she came back. 自從她回來(lái)就在那個(gè)房間里照顧她的父親了。